Victors and Victims Essay Example for Free

Victors and Victims Essay â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is an English short story written by Kate Chopin. Chopin was widely recognized as one of the leading writers of her time and she is now considered by some to have forerunner of feminist authors of the 20th century. The second short story entitled â€Å"Clever Manka† which is written in Czechoslovakian language and translated in to English. Although it is anonymous, â€Å"Clever Manka† is a very important short story and the fact that it remains indicates that it has affected many people at different times. The both short stories have two completely different structures. The writer of â€Å"Clever Manka† used the expository method as the events starts from the very beginning, when the situation was stable and he introduces the characters, and then going up in the events. Opposite to â€Å"The story of an Hour†, it begins in the middle of the events. Then we have flash-back technique through which we know of all the events that happen before. Look more:  the story of an hour literary analysis essay â€Å"Clever Manka† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† are alike in that they both have women as protagonist and they both involve a husband and a wife. They show how marriage could be the end of a women life or a beginning. Also, they show how women differently deal with life. The great difference is due to the different time and culture. â€Å"Clever Manka† which in Czechoslovakian culture proves women at that time were highly considered, appreciated, have rights. While, in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows how women were deprived, denied, devoiced, they weren’t offered a lot of opportunities such as men and they didn’t inherit money as all the money they get goes to either their husbands or any male member in the family. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows that marriage at that time was based on monetary comfort and social status. That leads to unhappy marriage and miserable life to the extent that a person might feel happy and free when his partner is  dead, as Mrs. Mallard felt when she heard that Mr. Mallard was dead. In â€Å"Clever Manka†, marriage is based on dual love and women’s desire is appreciated. We encounter two completely different women. The protagonist of â€Å"Clever Manka† her name is Manka and the protagonist of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is Mrs. Mallard. They are different in many aspects even physically. The writer describes Mrs. Mallard as being afflicted with a heart trouble which shows that she is a sick and weak person, while Manka is young, clever and strong person. The title of Mrs. Mallard indicated that she was affiliated to her husband and she lost her identity. Her first name â€Å"Louise† is only mentioned after she heard of her husband’s death and when she felt free. Opposite to â€Å"Clever Manka† as Manka is called by her own name allover the story even after she was married. She is independent and wasn’t affiliated to either her father or her husband. Also, men characters in the two short stories are opposite. Men in â€Å"Clever Manka† are represented by the burgomaster who is very young and not-experienced and the farmer. They are incapable of facing any challenge as the burgomaster can’t solve the problem of the farmer and the shepherd, so he put them a riddle which the farmer can’t solve. On the other hand, in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, we encounter Mr. Mallard who is completely opposite to the male characters in â€Å"Clever Manka† as he was very domineering character. He has always made decisions for Louise and lived her life for her. Men in both short stories tried to bend their wives’ will. In â€Å"Clever Manka†, the burgomaster started his life with Manka Trying to force limitations on her cleverness which indicates that he was afraid of her cleverness and afraid it will highlight his being not-experienced. As well as â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, it is obvious that Mr. Mallard was a domineering character and tried to bend louise’ will. Women’s response to their husband’s control and domination differs in the two short stories. In â€Å"Clever Manka†, when Manka interferes in the burgomaster’s business, it was out of inner feeling of shame and injustice because of her husband decision. She couldn’t stand helpless when she realized how inexperienced he was. This means that the precondition he put for her couldn’t bend her will. That shows that Manka didn’t surrender despite of the precondition that might destroy her life. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, Mrs. Mallard ability to resist the suppression practiced upon her was very little and short. She gave her husband the chance to have the upper hand in her life. The person is the one who decides whether he wants to live freely or not. If he wants to, he will not surrender to any person or under any condition. The pressure practicing on women would lead to one of two; either the woman will resist and become a victor, or easily surrender and become a victim.

Wikipedia :: Persuasive, Valid or Unreliable Source

A Wikipedia is an information source for many students (Coughlan, 2011), used for research on almost every subject. Some people call it â€Å"frequently unreliable† while others name it to be the epitome of the information age (Andrews 2007) yet the truth is that, whether students and teachers, like to admit it or not, Wikipedia is a vast source of knowledge, with readability second to none (Coughlan, 2011). However because of its wide usage and the fact that it is a wiki, it can be edited by anyone, schools are often reluctant to accept it as a valid source of information for essays or school work and some take it to the extreme; â€Å"14% of schools block Wikipedia† (Fleming 2011). The biggest problems with validating said source is the fact that its reliability is questioned, as there is no one single entity responsible for and accountable for the information, as opposed to a peer-reviewed journal. This â€Å"lack of authority†, according to a group of academi cs, and â€Å"different agendas† allow the general public to alter information (Waldman2004) that validates itself through the information loop. This information loop consist of the following â€Å"A Wikipedia article contains information A. A journalist then uses this unverified information in an article. A critical reader then adds a "{{Citation needed}}" on the original information after which someone adds the article as a source. (Wikipedia, date unknown) Another problem that Wikipedia faces is the fact that if mistakes are not caught on the day they were made, they are likely to go unnoticed. On the other hand, Wikipedia differentiates itself from other encyclopaedias in that most articles are longer and contain more information both technically and historically speaking. (Wetzel 2008) Furthermore, most articles contain links or citation that link to articles or proof of almost every statement made. The problem that arises is then, that blocking Wikipedia denies students from valid, thorough information yet shields them from its inherent unreliability (Fleming, 2011) B Fig1. Standard Wikipedia article As fig.1 shows, pages in Wikipedia include a search bar, links to some useful links (such as random articles, current events and donate). To the right, depending on the article, it will show links to other information relating to the current article, this appears if the article is part of a bigger series such as the I.B or Nazism. Articles will also include the â€Å"edit this page† button and many footnotes that provide evidence or citation for phrases or quotes.

A Role for Equity Theory in the Turnover Process Essay

The purpose o f the present study was to examine the role o f equity theory in the context of the contemporary turnover process. A model was developed and tested with 192 hospital employees using structural equation modeling (SEM), which placed satisfaction and intention to quit as mediators of employee turnover. The results strongly support the present model, but also suggest a role for other mediators, some of which are suggested for future research. Equity theory (Adams, 1963, 1965) continues to be a major model stimulating considerable research regarding work motivation in recent years (Bretz & Thomas, 1992; Carr, McLoughlin, Hodgson, & Maclachlan, 1996; Glass & Wood, 1996; Greenberg, 1990; Harder, 1991, 1992; Huseman, Hatfield, & Miles, 1985, 1987; Johnson & Johnson, 1991; Joshi, 1990; King & Miles, 1994; King, Miles, & Day, 1993; Miles, Hatfield, & Huseman, 1994; Perry, 1993; Sheehan, 1993; Sweeney, 1990; Van Dierendonck, Schaufeli, & Sixma, 1994). Briefly summarized, equity theory suggests that an employee compares the ratio of his or her outcomes to inputs to the ratio of outcomes to inputs of some referent other. Employees who perceive themselves in an inequitable situation will be dissatisfied and will try to reduce the inequity. Although Adams (1963,1965) proposed a number of ways that employees might reduce inequity, research concerned with organizations has tended to focus on employee reactions to pay inequity, such as low performance and dissatisfaction (Greenberg, 1990). Leaving the situation (i.e., voluntary turnover) was also postulated as a tension reaction mode by Adams ( 1 963, 1965), but only a few studies have examined the impact of inequity perceptions on turnover in the context of contemporary ideas regarding a turnover process (e.g., Horn & Griffeth, 1995; Mobley, 1977). The purpose of the present study is to test the relationship between equity perceptions and turnover within the context of such a contemporary turnover process model.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe authors greatly appreciate the comments of Peter Hom, Debra Cohen, Peggy Lewis, and two anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this paper. 1018 GRIFFETH AND GAERTNER Early research into the equity-turnover relationship, using aggregate rates of turnover, found mixed results. For example, Telly, French, and Scott (1971) found aggregated perceptions of equity within subunits of an organization to be significantly related to that subunit’s turnover rate for the previous 11 months on five of the seven dimensions (e.g., supervision, social aspects). Dittrich and Carrel1 ( 1 979) developed and tested a five-dimension measure of equity perceptions that they called the Organizational Fairness Questionnaire (OFQ). They found that the five factors (pay rules, pay administration, work pace, pay level, and rule administration) underlying the OFQ were not predictive of turnover rates by department. However, pay rules (a factor that combines comparisons of one’s own pay to that of coworkers with the fairness of the rules for granting pay increases and promotions) and work pace (fairness of the supervisor in maintaining a fair pace of work activity) were predictive of absence. While not directly predictive of turnover, employee perceptions of the fairness of pay rules and equality of pay among coworkers and of supervisor control of the work pace were strongly predictive of job satisfaction ( R 2 = S8). Equity and Individual Turnover At the individual level, tests of a direct relationship between equity perceptions and turnover have also had mixed results. For example, Oldham, Kulik, Ambrose, Stepina, and Brand ( 1 986) found that equity perceptions in combination with job complexity descriptions were marginally predictive of  turnover. Vecchio, Griffeth, and Hom’s (1986) initial findings were that perceptions of supervisor control over work-pace equity were significantly related to turnover. However, when leader-member exchange quality was added, this variable fully mediated the equity-turnover relationship. Finally, Randall and Mueller (1995) found no significant direct relationships between turnover and distributive or procedural justice perceptions. They suggested two plausible explanations for this lack of significant findings. First, the effect of equity on turnover is not direct, but rather is mediated by several other variables such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to stay. Second, a lack of alternative employment opportunities among the nurses in their sample induced them to stay despite possible inequities. This latter explanation seems less probable since turnover and shortage rates among nurses remained high into the mid-1990s (Hom & Griffeth, 1995). Another set of studies has examined the relationship of equity perceptions to intention to stay. The results in these studies have also been mixed. Scholl, Cooper, and McKenna ( 1 987) found that comparisons using others outside the company in similar jobs and comparisons of one’s own pay in the past were significant predictors of turnover intentions. However, Ronen (1 986) found that neither equity referent (others inside the organization or others outside the organization) nor job level (skilled workers vs. managers) was significantly  related to turnover intentions. Finally, Berg (1991) found that global perceptions of equity were significant predictors of intention to stay among television employees. Strictly speaking, however, Berg did not actually measure equity. Instead, he asked employees to assess their perceptions of fairness without reference to some comparison other. Again, it seems plausible, especially based on Adams’ (1 963, 1965) theory, that job  dissatisfaction would be the immediate result of inequity perceptions, mediating the effects on turnover intentions and actual turnover. In conclusion, these studies show relatively weak or inconsistent support regarding the relationship between inequity perceptions and turnover. There are several reasons for this inconsistency. First, all of these studies examined the direct influence of equity on turnover, generally ignoring the mediating role of felt tension of job dissatisfaction (Adams, 1963, 1965). Some studies attempted to link equity perceptions to intention to stay (or quit), a weak test of the equityturnover relationship. According to Steel and Ovalle (I 984), intention to quit is a relatively poor surrogate for actual turnover, typically accounting for less than 25% of turnover variance. Moreover, the earlier studies were unable to take advantage of recent advances in the study of turnover identifying the process of employee turnover (Horn & Griffeth, 1991, 1995; Hom, Griffeth, & Sellaro, 1984; Mobley, 1977). Contemporary turnover theorists posit a series of cognitive and affective linkages translatingjob dissatisfaction into turnover cognitions and behavior. Perhaps the major weakness of each of these studies was the omission of satisfaction as a mediating variable. More recent models that propose linkages between equity and turnover explicitly incorporate perception of equity as an exogenous variable that has an impact on turnover via job satisfaction and quit intentions (Hulin, Roznowski, & Hachiya, 1985; Price & Mueller, 198 1). Two studies have placed the equity-tumover relationship within the context of such a process model. Summers and Hendrix (1991) included perceptions of pay equity for comparisons with a generalized other (someone of similar knowledge, skills, and abilities), self (past), others inside the company, and others outside the company. Respondents were then asked to select the three most important referents. Only the equity perceptions with regard to the single most important referent were used as a measure of pay equity. Of respondents, 6% chose others outside of the company as their most important referent. A generalized other was the most frequently selected, followed closely by self (past). The model test revealed a significant mediated relationship between pay equity and turnover. The significant and hypothesized intervening variables were pay satisfaction, overall job satisfaction, and intention to  leave. Iverson and Roy (1994) performed a relatively comprehensive test of the Price and Mueller (1981, 1986) turnover model, which specifically includes elements of equity perceptions of various benefits and pay in relationship to coworkers. Although the correlation coefficient for the relationship between equity and job satisfaction was positive and significant, the hypothesized and  revised model yielded a negative (also significant) relationship between the two variables. Such a reversal may be indicative of multicollinearity (Neter, Wasserman, & Kutner, 1990) and suggests that a more parsimonious model might be practical. A second weakness of this test of the equity-turnover relationship is the use of behavioral commitment, or intention to stay, rather than actual turnover as the ultimate dependent variable (Steel & Ovalle, 1984). However, both the hypothesized and the revised model confirm affect Cjob satisfaction) as a mediator of the relationship between equity and intention to stay. For both of the process model tests, the conceptualization of equity was narrowly limited to distributional outcomes, such as pay and benefits (Iverson & Roy, 1994; Summers & Hendrix, 1991) or to comparison others inside the organization (Iverson & Roy, 1994). Prior research has found multiple comparison others to be important and, although pay seems to dominate perceptions of equity (Berg, 1991; Scholl et al., 1987; Summers & Hendrix, 1991), other facets are also important (Oldham et al., 1986; Telly et al., 1971; Vecchio et al., 1986; Wilhelm, Herd, & Steiner, 1993). It is the primary purpose of the present investigation to reexamine the role of equity perceptions within the context of contemporary turnover theory and empirical research at the individual level of analysis. Toward this end, a model of this process is developed and tested based on equity theory. Both the predictive and nomological validity of this model are examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). This model and the hypothesized relationships among the model constructs are shown in Figure 1. Model Development The present model posits a turnover process initiated by perceptions of  inequity in relationship to three key determinants of job satisfaction: pay satisfaction, satisfaction with one’s supervisor, and satisfaction with the work itself. We postulate perceptions of inequity as determinants of these facets of job satisfaction, and, in doing so, we expand on two components of Adams’ (1 963, 1965) equity theory. First, Adams’ conceptualization of equity as concerned with the ratio of inputs to outcomes only (distributive justice) reflects the contemporaneous understanding of justice. More recently, justice has been characterized as a process, and researchers have delineated two meaningful elements in addition to distributive justice as important to explaining perceptions of justice (Bies & Moag, 1986; Greenberg, 1990). These two elements are procedural justice, which refers to the rules and procedures used to arrive at the distribution of outcomes, and interactional justice, which refers to the way those who carry out the process relate to the recipient party (Bies & Moag, 1986; Greenberg, 1990). While these elements tend to be highly correlated, each uniquely adds to our understanding of the justice perceptions and reactions to those perceptions (Folger & Konovsky, 1989; McFarlin & Sweeney, 1992).

Printing and its influence on the intellectual life Essay

The history of printing dated back as early as 868 AD when the Chinese used it to produce the earliest dated printed book known as the â€Å"Diamond Sutra. † However, it is believed that book printing may have occurred even before that. Around 1041, the movable clay type printing system was first invented by Bi Sheng in China. Later on, the metal movable type was invented in Korea in 1230. At around 1450, a goldsmith named Johannes Gutenberg assembled a printing system from which the modern printing system was developed. At present, all movable type printing systems have been derived from the Gutenberg design. Thereafter, the invention of the printing system hastened the production of many books. As more books were produced, the production of manuscripts also declined. During that time, manuscript was the official form of publication for all printed communications on the scientific and literary sphere. Political and religious communications are slowly catching up to the printing trend. Concurrently, publishing entities soon emerged. Printing and publishing materialized as a profitable livelihood. It even became an essential tool for the dissemination of information. Clandestine manuscript production containing unconventional ideas were easily produced and circulated due to the ease of its production. Evidently, printing and publishing had a profound impact on intellectual life. Impact of Printing on Intellectual Life Prior to the advent of printing, everything had to be done by hand. Think of it as diaries or journals, religious and medieval manuscripts are prepared by monks by copying the text. Biblical manuscripts and other books were handwritten and copied from a portion of the text source. These handwritten copies of books consist of attempts to reconstruct the original text. During that era, manuscripts were used as the means of storing and disseminating information, and the manuscript culture was basically dominated by monks until its transition to the market in the cities, along with the rise of universities. When Gutenberg introduced his printing system, it marked an improvement, at first, on the production of manuscripts, then on the production of books. His system revolutionized Europe’s book-making process that the technology expanded throughout the continent. Books were produced faster than before. Faster production of books means one thing: an increase of literacy. With this widespread increase in literacy rate, intellectual quests took off. The people have become thirsty for more knowledge, and printing became an essential tool to advance the academic pursuits. Gutenberg’s printing system, regarded as the most important invention of the second millennium, has been a key factor in the European Renaissance. With his printing system, the cultural movement easily spread throughout Europe. It allowed the people easy access to books. In addition, the invention of the printing system helped in the assimilation of Greek and Arabic knowledge. Classical and ancient ideas, which were lost through time have been revived and disseminated. The rebirth of these ideas fuelled the quest for rediscovery of ancient knowledge that had been long forgotten. While these old ideas were revived, novel thought were also spawned and disseminated. Combined with the technology of printing, intellectual pursuits were easily advanced. The printing technology also facilitated the social and political upheavals at that time through the dissemination of clandestine printed articles containing unorthodox views that challenged mainstream thought. Thus, printing afforded wide latitude of political freedom. It made the political atmosphere conducive for the advancement of revolutionary ideas. Printing and publishing also contributed to the transformation of scientific thought. Fundamentals in physics, astronomy and biology were easily propagated with the use of printed materials. Ancient science has been easily superseded with the dissemination of these new ideas. Thus, the scientific revolution ensued. The scientific revolution paved the way for modern science as we know today. Galilei, Copernicus, Kepler, Newton and the others questioned the foundation of the old science. Their ideas contradicted the prevailing ideas at that time. Theoretical developments, thus, emerged. The printing system facilitated the propagation of Copernicus’ work on the heliocentric model of the solar system. In the 16th century, Copernicus contended that the sun is the center of the solar system. This was received with opposition from the church. The church firmly adhered to geocentrism, which placed the earth as the center of the universe. With the help of the printing system, information regarding Heliocentrism was easily dispersed. With printing and publishing, these brilliant minds were able to easily communicate their knowledge through scholarly journals. It resulted to a greater awareness of things, which were previously hidden from the general public. Dissemination of information gave an understanding of the information dispersed. With printing, the process was rapidly spread across Europe. Printed articles of classical thought were reprinted and widely spread. A curiosity on all things were intellectual was aroused. People have begun to engage in intellectual discussions; hence, books have become a commodity. Book production evolved into a commercial enterprise. Accordingly, copyright laws were passed to protect these artistic and literary creations. This legal notion was conceptualized as a reaction to the advent of printing. Charles II of England was apprehensive about the unregulated production and copying of books. Moreover, printing helped established the standards of spelling and syntax. The English language also emerged as the language commonly used in most published works; thus, the use of Latin declined. On the religious end, printing also facilitated the Protestant Reformation. The movement was started an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. At that time, the Church’s hierarchy was plagued with corruption. Many Catholics observed that false doctrines and malpractices were carried out. This corruption was seen as even reaching the position of the Pope. With the printing press, the reform movement advanced the culture of Biblical literacy. By the translating the Bible and making it available to the masses, the message was dispersed and made it more accessible for the public. Moreover, Martin Luther, an Augustinian monk, also raised his protests against the Catholic Church. He discussed his discontent of the Church’s sale of indulgences. Because of the printing system, the swift dissemination of discontent was facilitated. Information relating to Luther’s theological teachings was dispersed in the form of broadsheets, to the poor sector of society. These broadsheets evolved into newspapers. Presently, newspapers are the most accessible tools for public information and written journalism. Information relating to political events, business and the society, among others, are disseminated. The wide circulation of newspapers as a means of communication was largely due to the advances of printing. Printing presses accelerated the process of making newspapers. With printing, intellectual innovations have progressed into something that we have today. The printing system has been a valuable tool in the dissemination of knowledge and information. Human advancements in the field of science, artistic and literary domain have been realized. The rapid dispersal of information is attributable to the fast production of books and other scholarly articles. These would not have been realized were it not for printing. The invention of printing assisted in the proliferation of new thought. Ideas, both old and new, were unearthed. Ancient knowledge was rediscovered. Dissemination thereof was necessary in order to inform the general public thereof. The innovation of printing and publishing helped pushed these ideas to the open, making it accessible for the public to see.

The Descendants of Sedere

The Descendants of Sedere The Descendants of Sedere The Descendants of Sedere By Mark Nichol Sit and its past-tense form sat, as well as set, settle, and seat, are cognates from Old English of the Latin verb sedere, meaning â€Å"sit.† The more or less disguised direct descendants of that term are listed and briefly defined in this post. Words derived from a Latin verb stemming from sedere and meaning â€Å"sit beside† (originally pertaining to an official who assists a judge) include the verb assess, which means â€Å"estimate property value for taxation purposes† (the noun form is assessment); the adjective assiduous, meaning â€Å"showing great care†; and the noun assize, meaning â€Å"court session.† The noun and verb size, meaning â€Å"physical extent† and â€Å"arrange by size† respectively, among other things, is derived from assize. To sedate is to calm or settle, the adjective sedate means â€Å"calm or settled,† the adjective sedative denotes â€Å"tending to calm or settle,† and a sedative is something that calms or settles, especially a drug. Sedan, originally the word for a chair attached to poles so it can be carried, was later applied to an enclosed automobile. Sedentary means â€Å"settled,† â€Å"physically inactive,† or â€Å"permanently attached.† (Sessile is a synonym for the latter sense, or means â€Å"directly attached to the base.†) Sederunt, taken directly from Latin, refers to an extended seated discussion. Sediment denotes material that settles to the bottom of a body of liquid, such as sedimentary rock; sedimentation is the process of formation of this type of rock. Session, meaning â€Å"a meeting or series of meetings,† or â€Å"a period of instruction,† and sà ©ance, the word for a session at which communication with the spirit world is attempted, refer to sitting, while dissident, describing someone who disagrees with or opposes the status quo, literally means â€Å"one who sits apart.† Reside means â€Å"dwell† or â€Å"live,† and preside means â€Å"govern† (literally, â€Å"sit before†); the noun forms are resident and president, and the adjectival forms are residential and presidential. Subside (literally, â€Å"sit down†) means â€Å"settle,† â€Å"sink,† â€Å"decrease,† or â€Å"descend,† and the act or condition of subsiding is subsidence. A subsidy, meanwhile, is a money grant; the literal meaning of the word, â€Å"sit near,† suggests the support a grant provides. Obsess originally meant â€Å"besiege† but now refers to unrelenting attention to someone or something; the adjectival form is obsessive, and an instance of obsessing is an obsession. Siege itself means â€Å"a military blockade† and, by extension, â€Å"a serious or sustained attack.† Insidious, stemming from the idea of sitting in ambush, means â€Å"deceitful.† Possess means â€Å"have and hold,† and the adjectival and noun forms are possessive and possession. To supersede is to replace or set aside; surcease, a descendant of supersede’s Latin forebear by way of Old French, means â€Å"cease† as a verb and, as a noun, refers to an act of desisting. To beset is to harass or surround, or to ornament by setting or studding something with smaller objects, such as jewels in a crown. Similarly, to inset is to insert something into something else so that it can be seen, and an inset is something so treated, or a channel or the act of flowing in. Cosset, meaning â€Å"caress† or â€Å"pamper,† may come from an Old English word that means â€Å"cottage dweller† (in the sense of one who raises animals as pets). See, the word for the location or authority of a high-ranking clergyman (distinct from see as it pertains to vision), is from a Latin word related to sedere that pertains to a seat. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?80 Idioms with the Word Time25 Favorite Portmanteau Words

Windows NT vs Linux essays

Windows NT vs Linux essays According to the Microsoft Corporation, Windows 2000 (AKA Windows NT 5.0) is the revolutionary new operating system geared to take care of business. Advertised by Bill Gates and associates to be the best thing for business network file-systems since multi-tasking, it hosts a slew of new features. Included in these new features are innovative security settings, Internet and file-system integration, support for SMP (multi-processors), and most importantly, fewer crash scenarios than previous versions of Windows. The infamous instability of Microsoft products has long been a blemish on the company's track record. With different versions of Windows 2000 for different applications (Professional, Server, and Advanced Server), Microsoft hopes that this new implementation of Windows NT architecture will prove to be the best choice for businesses. Opposing the Microsoft machine in the battle for business computers is a lesser-known, yet increasingly popular operating system named Linux. Linux has been around for nearly 10 years now, as a less involved implementation of UNIX code. This operating system takes a dramatically different approach to computing than Windows. Programmed not by a single company, but by computer whiz groups and individuals, it is very popular among the tech savvy. Consequently these tech savvy groups have created not just one, but hundreds of versions of Linux worldwide. While all versions of Linux use the same basic kernel (core source-code, currently version 2.4) the different distributions can include any number of productivity applications, programming compilers, and other services. Depending on what version of Linux suits an administrator, he can probably get it for free. Linux has been developed under the GNU public license, which means that all Linux source code is absolutely free. While certain companies have marketed their compiled versions of Linux, they are still required to provide the original code fr...

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Get Full Visibility Into Your Entire Email Marketing Strategy in Email marketing. It’s 4x more effective than direct mail gets 6x more conversions than Twitter 40x more engagement than Facebook And has the BIGGEST impact on your ROI 💠°Ã°Å¸â€™ °Ã°Å¸â€™ ° Why? Your audience opted-in  to your email list. They want  to hear from you! And when you rely on email marketing as your primary channel to drive conversions, profits, and customer relationships†¦ you need a simple AND effective way to manage it. Which is why I’m excited to introduce our newest featureEmail Marketing from ! AKA the new, simpler way to manage and optimize this POWERFUL strategy inside your calendar. With Email Marketing from , you can: Seamlessly integrate with your *favorite* email marketing platform. You already have a kick-a$$ email platform you know and love, so why give it up? With Email Marketing, you can easily connect your preferred email platform to with just a couple clicks. Write click-worthy email subject linesevery time.  With Email Marketing, you can use ’s *exclusive* Email Subject Line Tester to optimize and perfect every subject line to drive more  opens, more  clicks, and more conversions. Get full visibility into your ENTIRE  marketing strategy. Say â€Å"buh-bye† to disjointed marketing content (and constantly jumping from screen to screen). With Email Marketing, it’s easy to see how your email campaigns relate to the rest of your marketing strategy and quickly make adjustments if necessary. And when it’s this easy to manage + optimize your already-powerful email marketing strategy imagine how much more  ROI you can drive with everything in one place. 😉